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花海盆地位于走廊地区的西北缘，是青藏高原向东北方向扩展至阿拉善板块的前缘区域。近年来，在花海盆地下白垩统中沟组中陆续发现了多个铀异常点，铀成矿机理尚不清晰。文章以花海盆地中沟组砂岩为研究对象，采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析其地球化学特征，进而探讨砂岩的沉积学特征、物源特征、成岩演化过程。研究结果表明：中沟组砂岩具有较高的成熟度，岩石学及地球化学特征指示其主要物源为中酸性长英质岩浆岩；早期发育于中等分层的富氧-次富氧底层水环境，后期受强烈改造作用影响，形成灰—黄—红色调渐变特征，氧化程度呈现由低到高的演化趋势；U具有从红色砂岩向灰色砂岩迁移的特征，且与Pb、Th、Sn、Ti呈显著正相关；砂岩的稀土元素配分模式呈右倾型，具有中等—弱负Eu异常特征，∑REE含量随砂岩颜色由红色、黄色、灰色向灰黄色、红黄色依次递增，较高的LREE/HREE值及明显的轻重稀土分异特征进一步证实了后生蚀变改造过程。研究结果为深入理解花海盆地中沟组砂岩的成因机制及沉积环境演化提供了重要依据。
Abstract：Huahai Basin is located at the northwest of the corridor area which is the leading edge area where QinghaiTibet Plateau extends northeastward to Alxa Plate. Multiple uranium mineralization anomalies have been discovered in recent years, but the mineralization mechanism remains unclear. In this article, sandstone of Zhonggou Formation in Huahai Basin was studied with X-ray XRF and ICP-MS to analyze its geochemical characteristics, the sedimentary characteristics, source characteristics and diagenetic evolution process of the sandstone. The results show that the sandstone of Zhonggou Formation has a relatively high maturity. The petrological and geochemical characteristics indicated that its main source was moderately acidic feldspar magmatic rock. The sandstone deposited in the moderately stratified oxygen-rich-sub-oxygen-rich bottom water environment at the early stage. Then, affected by the increasing strong transformation effect and formed a gradient characteristic of gray-yellow-red tones. Uranium seems to be migrated from red sandstone to grey sandstone, and presented significantly positive correlation with Pb, Th, Sn and Ti. REE pattern of sandstone is right-leaning with moderate to weak negative Eu anomaly. ∑ REE content increases successively from red, yellow and gray to grayish yellow and red-yellow sandstone. The high LREE/HREE and obvious differentiation characteristics of light and heavy rare earths further confirm the post-metamorphism transformation process. Therefore, this study provides an important basis for an in-depth understanding of the genetic mechanism and sedimentary environment evolution of sandstone in Zhonggou Formation sandstone in Huahai Basin.
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(1)王继斌，牛霆，薛栋. 2023.走廊盆地群西部铀矿资源调查评价[R].咸阳：核工业二〇三研究所.
(2)李万华，张甲民. 2006.甘肃省高台县红山地区1:25万砂岩型铀资源区域评价[R].咸阳：核工业二〇三研究所.
基本信息:
中图分类号:P619.14;P534.53
引用信息:
[1]施龙,严兆彬,牛霆,等.花海盆地下白垩统中沟组砂岩地球化学特征及其指示意义[J].铀矿地质,2025,41(06):938-955.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（编号：42072099）; 巴丹吉林盆地及周缘X矿资源调查评价项目（编号：202221）; 中核铀业青年创新基金项目（编号：NKLUR-2024-QN-006）联合资助